Goal 6 of the sustainable development is “Clean water and sanitation” (“Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all”). Protection, sustainable use and restoration of water resources are urgent tasks for Ukraine, especially in the conditions of a full-scale war. The paper considers challenges and obstacles on the way to achieving sustainable use of water resources of the Ros’ River. Achieving goal 6 should mean improving the work of water-using enterprises (sewage treatment facilities, hydroelectric power plants, etc.) in such a way as to minimize their negative impact on the ecological state of the Ros’, which in turn should ensure the proper quality of water for water supply, land reclamation, and tourism and recreation. The focus is on the form of ownership (state or private) of enterprises that use water from the Ros’ River, how this or that form of ownership encourages enterprises to use water resources carefully, as well as the presence and effectiveness of mechanisms of influence on violators of environmental protection legislation of Ukraine in this field. In 2022 the special petition to the President of Ukraine was created and signed (E-petition…). It was called “About the development and implementation of a project to save the Ros’ River with its further use to restore the water supply of all rivers of Ukraine and their tributaries – small rivers.” Taking into account the status of Ukraine as a candidate for accession to the European Union, it makes Ros’ River being a good object for the investigations.