Biological methods of nanoparticle synthesis are environmentally friendly, as well as simple, fast, and cost-effective. Among the various biological systems that can be used for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles, yeast of the genus Saccharomyces has several advantages, since these microorganisms and their metabolites are completely safe for humans, animals, and the environment. In addition, yeast synthesize a large number of biologically active compounds (proteins, enzymes, amino acids, organic acids, vitamins), which can participate in the biosynthesis and stabilization of nanoparticles. When using yeast, both intracellular and extracellular nanoparticle biosynthesis is possible. And, taking into account that yeasts are facultative anaerobes, it is possible to realize the biosynthesis of nanoparticles both in oxic and anoxic conditions. To date, the biosynthesis of various nanoparticles using yeast of the genus Saccharomyces has been investigated. These are nanoparticles of precious metals (gold, silver, platinum, palladium), characterized by antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antitumor properties. The possibility of nanoparticles’ usage in the food industry, medicine, agriculture, and energy was shown. The biosynthesis of nanoparticles of metal oxides using Saccharomycetes is also being investigated – nanoparticles of oxides of silver, zinc, antimony, manganese, iron, selenium, silicon dioxide, and titanium. The biosynthesis of nanoparticles of binary chalcogenides (sulfide of selenium, zinc, cadmium) using Saccharomyces cerevisiae is studied. Such nanoparticles have better biological and electrochemical properties compared to their monocomponent counterparts due to faster electrochemical kinetics and higher electronic conductivity. There are different approaches when using yeast for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles. In particular, biomass, culture liquid, supernatant, and cell-free aqueous extract can be used. At the same time, the parameters of biosynthesis differ: temperature, pH, mixing, and duration. Depending on the choice of technique, nanoparticles of different shapes and sizes can be obtained, and they will also differ in their physicochemical and biological properties.