The growth of global production and use of chemical products increases the risks associated with the adverse effects of hazardous chemicals on human health and the environment. In international practice, there is a shift in emphasis in regulating the circulation of chemical products. The use of administrative methods that require state-level control of the circulation of chemical substances, their mixtures and products derived from them is supplemented by methods to prevent the release of hazardous chemical products onto the market. The scientific direction of “green chemistry” aims to prevent the negative impact of chemicals on the environment and human health at the initial stages of chemical processes by reducing or completely eliminating the use of hazardous chemicals or improving the synthesis processes that produce thesechemical substances. “Sustainable chemistry” is a scientific concept that aims to increase the efficiency of the use of natural resources to meet human needs for chemical products and services. Sustainable chemistry includes the development, production and use of effective, efficient, more environmentally friendly chemical products and processes. The principles of sustainable chemistry take into account the use of the best available technologies, increasing the life cycle of chemicals used in technological processes, and increasing resource and energy efficiency in order to achieve sustainable development. The application of the basic approaches and principles of both concepts in the formation and development of chemistry, chemical technologies and other industries is the driving force of sustainable industrial development.