The article focuses on the conceptual foundations of sustainable development and the principles of its implementation in Ukraine. It represents an analytical contribution by the authors, taking into account their professional, academic, and pedagogical experience. Emphasis is placed on the directions for implementing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) defined by the United Nations. Education is identified as a fundamental sector for shaping experience in balancing the social, economic, and environmental dimensions of civilizational progress. The significance of education quality for sustainable development is highlighted. Ukraine strives for a balanced approach to addressing economic challenges, preserving a favorable state of the environment and natural resource potential, and maintaining the mental and physical well-being of its population. An important objective is the preservation of the country’s national cultural heritage: the individual as a bearer of culture and representative of a nation plays a key role in safeguarding national cultural identity as an integral part of the world’s cultural legacy. The necessity of fulfilling Sustainable Development Goal 3 – “Good Health and Well-being” – underlines the need to deepen citizens’ understanding of the importance of a healthy lifestyle. By enhancing quality of life, improving productivity, and strengthening social resilience, health-preserving educational technologies contribute to building sustainable societies. The generation entrusted with the mission of implementing sustainable development tasks must be competent in critical thinking. For university students, well-developed critical thinking skills are prerequisites for academic success and lifelong learning; they support structured decision-making based on complex scenarios and objective evaluation of interdisciplinary information. The experience of Australia demonstrates the relevance of international integration among scholars committed to the successful implementation of sustainable development principles. Sustainability is embedded in course content and in teaching methods, infrastructure, and institutional strategies. This is achieved through national policies, the autonomy of educational institutions, the involvement of professional communities, and partnerships with industry.